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B6.Cg-Ccl2tm1.1Pame/J Mouse Strain
October 12, 2019
Overview B6.Cg-Ccl2tm1.1Pame/J, also known as Ccl2-RFPflox, is a genetically modified strain of mouse that contains LoxP sites flanking the gene Ccl2, allowing…
C3H/HeSnJ Mouse Strain
October 12, 2019
Overview C3H/HeSnJ, also known as C3Sn, C3H Snell, and C3H/HeDiSnJ, is an inbred strain of mouse model that is used primarily in neurobiological research.[1]
Fear Conditioning: Modulation by Diseases and Disorders
October 7, 2019
Fear conditioning, like many models of learning and memory, is highly susceptible to modulation by a variety of pathological diseases and disorders. While fear…
Fear Conditioning: Modulation by Drugs
September 30, 2019
Given the implications of the fear conditioning model, a likely correlate of such human conditions as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and panic…
Fear Conditioning Extinction
September 30, 2019
Fear conditioning is, in short, a form of associative learning in which a fearful response is associated with a stimulus or location.[1] After pairing the…
Behavioral Outcomes in Rodents from CRISPR Gene-Editing
September 29, 2019
CRISPR, Genes, and Behavior Through CRISPR gene-editing, researchers can carefully study the interaction between genes and behavior in a way that is more…
Positive Reinforcement Using Operant Conditioning
September 28, 2019
Operant conditioning is a learning process that results in the association of a behavior with a reward or punishment. To put it simply, we learn that actions…
Spatial Memory in Rodents and Humans
September 13, 2019
Introduction In order to effectively navigate through the world, forage for food, avoid danger, and seek shelter, all animals rely on the crucial brain…
The Neuroscience of Meditation
September 13, 2019
Meditation comes in many forms, from Transcendental to Mindfulness, traditional Buddhist to Heartfulness, amongst others. While the practices involved in these…
Should the animals be housed in groups or singly-housed before testing?
September 3, 2019
The housing of laboratory animals either alone or in groups has been a subject of discussion for many years, with publications detailing the effects of these…
Motor Coordination & the Brain
September 3, 2019
Introduction Movement is essential to the survival of every living thing. In order to serve its purpose, this movement must be coordinated, i.e. the nervous…
The Neuroscience of Summer Vacation
August 30, 2019
As the air warms and the schools let out for the summer, our minds turn towards vacation. Whether it be a quick escape to the beach, a prolonged trip to…
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Procurement and Customization with Maze Engineers
July 11, 2023
Each research field and study is different. At Maze Engineers, we understand the complexities and unique needs of our customers and are highly experienced in…
How to Calibrate and Measure Electrical Current
June 16, 2023
For many of the automated products Maze Engineers offers, shock delivery is required. Shocks are applied using shock grids. To measure the shock current, you…
Animal Models and Apparatus of Sleep Disorders
June 16, 2023
Sleep problems affect a significant portion of the population, with over half of people in the United States reporting difficulties with sleep or excessive…
Guidelines to Rodent Enclosures and Cages
April 6, 2023
The guidelines for biomedical research involving rodents in the USA are set by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Office of Laboratory Animal…
Manual Versus Automated Animal Mazes
February 22, 2023
The American psychologist Dr. Watson shocked the scientific community when he postulated that “the rodents find their way in the environment with the help of a…
Maximum Volume of Oxygen (VO2) Testing in Rodents
February 8, 2023
Maximum volume of oxygen (VO2max) is a measure of the maximum amount of oxygen that an individual can consume during exercise. VO2max is expressed in…
Lactate Threshold Testing in Rodents
February 7, 2023
Lactate threshold testing is a measure of the intensity of exercise at which lactate begins to accumulate in the blood at a faster rate than it can be removed.…
Rodent Tagging and Identification
January 9, 2023
Animal tagging is a means to identify and distinguish all the individual animals of interest, which applies to wildlife, farm, or laboratory animals. It…
Grip Strength Tests in Rodents
January 9, 2023
The grip strength test is performed by using the grip strength apparatus. It measures the motor functions of rodents when they grasp a specially designed pull bar assembly with a peak amount of force. The peak force applied is displayed on a digital display with precision force gauges. You can either manually record values or use the included software to do so automatically.
Rodent Metabolism and Measurable Metabolic Parameters
December 13, 2022
Metabolism is the sum of chemical reactions involved in sustaining the life of organisms.[1] It constantly provides your body with the energy to perform…
Methods of Cleaning And Sterilization in the Laboratory
December 7, 2022
Microbiology, tissue culture, medical, equipment manufacturing labs, and many research labs and industries need strict sterile environments for their diverse…
What is Operant Behavior and How to Study It
December 7, 2022
Operant behavior describes a type of voluntary goal-directed actions in animals based on the repercussions of previous occurrences. It develops when animals…
